Technical terms and definitions used in these guidelines. However, for high voltage transmission lines, strain insulator consists of an assembly of suspension insulators as shown in figure. Such insulators can be used either in a horizontal position or in a vertical position. Substation types distribution substation located near to the endusers changes the transmission or subtransmission voltage to lower levels for endusers distribution voltages varies from 34,500y19,920 v to 4,160y2400 v blast and burn generally associated with fault current. For low voltage lines insulators are used as strain insulators. These systems can be associated with a transformer substation, or can be a separate, standalone facility. Ohe insulators in ohe there are different types of insulators are being used. Power substation types basics of substation design.
There are several types of insulators but the most commonly used are pin type, suspension type, strain insulator and shackle insulator. Can be one part, two parts or three parts type, depending upon application voltage. In depth study and practical knowledge on this subject is. Breaking load of insulators with the shed of the insulating part cracked or completely broken off. In case of suspension insulators, the conductor is below the crossarm connected and suspended from. Apr 01, 2017 types of insulator used in over head line. Isolator is a manually operated mechanical switch which separates a part of the electrical power. This specification applies to pin, strain shackle, line post and long rod insulators, which will be installed on 3 phase 0. Substation types free download as powerpoint presentation. While stay and shackle insulators are mainly used in low voltage applications. Insulators are used for insulation purpose while erecting electric poles with conductors to avoid short circuit and for other insulation requirements.
There are different types of insulators such as suspension type, strain type, stray type, shackle, pin type and so on. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss into substation equipment systems. Transmission, sub transmission and distribution substation 4. Cellulose is primarily made from recycled newsprint. Isolators are used to open a circuit under no load. The substations are mainly used to convert ac alternating current to dc direct current. Individual insulators with the insulating part shaped as a dish made from porcelain or. Dec 19, 2018 types of electrical substations and functions december 19, 2018 by dave leave a comment an electrical substation plays an important part of the electrical system as it acts a bridge in transferring the electricity from the power generation source unit to the end consumers by working to speed up or slow down the current when required.
There are numerous types of insulators such as shackle, strain type, suspension type, and stray type etc. There are several types of insulators in transmission lines but the most commonly used are pin type, suspension type, strain insulator and shackle insulator. There are 5 types of insulators used in transmission lines as overhead insulation. Step up substation associated with generating station as the generating voltage is low. The 4 most common switchgearbased substation types eep. They can be directly fixed to the pole with a bolt or to the cross arm. Some types of substations are tiny in size with an inbuilt transformer as well as related switches. Different layouts for substation radial, tapped, lilo. A substation is an electrical system with highvoltage capacity and can be used to control the apparatus, generators, electrical circuits, etc. For 33kv two parts and for 66kv three parts pin insulator are generally used.
May 22, 2018 different types of insulators in transmission lines. But nowaday, they are frequently used for low voltage distribution lines. The electrical substation design is a complex method with full of engineer planning. Electrical substation components and their workings. Components and substations for electrical transmission and. Pin, suspension, and strain insulators are used in medium to high voltage. There is a groove on the upper end of the insulator for housing the conductor. Insulators are generally classified in following types. Mar 09, 20 this is the simple ppt explaining about the main components of the power systems. Unesco eolss sample chapters electrical energy systems components and substations for electrical transmission and distribution systems b.
This specification should not be used for zone substation insulators or insulators that form part of pole mounted equipment such as pole top switches. Technical article polymeric insulators submitted by. Electrical substation components list diagram, working. Oct 22, 2016 indoor substation is inside a building. All of these materials are produced using recycled waste materials.
Such type of substation is used in distribution system particularly in the rural area because of their unimportance. They support the conductor or busbar and confine the current to the conductor. Typical application areas for different types of insulators. Switchyards are mainly used for connections and interconnections. The most commonly used material for the manufactures of insulators is porcelain. Nov 24, 2019 for example, most ceramics are excellent insulators but if you dope them, you can create a superconductor. Most fiberglass products contain 40% to 60% recycled glass. The modules are assembled in accordance with the required configuration. Insulators in use n pin insulators usually used in power network up to 33 kv system. Gray glaze is standard on all station post insulators. A few types of insulators are shown in the above figure. The most common types of materials used for loosefill insulation include cellulose, fiberglass, and mineral rock or slag wool.
Hollow core insulators directly replace porcelain insulators used on substation apparatus applications. C substation standards type g, h, and k terminal boxes 26. Electric substations with equipment used to convert highvoltage, extrahighvoltage ehv, or ultrahighvoltage uhv transmission lines to the intermediate voltage subtransmission lines or to switch subtransmission circuits operating at voltages in the range of 34. Pure water is an insulator, dirty water conducts weakly, and saltwaterwith its freefloating ionsconducts well. In the radial substation, there is only one source of feeding the load as shown in the figure below. For the successful operation of power lines, proper selection of insulators is very essential.
There are two types of construction in disc insulators 1 cemented cap type and 2 hewlett or interlinking type. The discs of strain insulators are used in the vertical plane. With a pin insulator the conductor is connected to the insulator and is above the crossarm. It describes various types of substations, illustrates typical layouts, and presents guidelines to be used during detailed design. What type of isolators are used in electrical substations. This supply system is unreliable because of total blackout when source fails, or line develops a fault. Types of insulator distribution systems substation line. But glass, steatite and some other special composite material may also be used sometimes. The structural shape conductors that have been used in outdoor substation construction consist primarily of angle and channel types. Most commonly used material for overhead line insulators is porcelain. Orient power is a post insulator manufacturer and supplies all types of post insulators, such as iec series solid core station post insulators, tr series porcelain station post insulators, standoff post type insulators, composite station post insulators and post insulator for switch or electric apparatus as per ansi, bs, iec, etc. The successful operation of an overhead groo line depends to a considerable extent upon cond the proper selection of insulators. E substation standards stacking post insulators 24.
These insulators are equipped with stay arm tube in cantilever, these insulators are having two different types. Orientpost insulator manufacturer,station post insulator. Substation types electrical substation components scribd. A switchyard is a substation without transformers which operates only at a single voltage level.
A mobile substation is a substation on wheels, containing a transformer, breakers and buswork mounted on a selfcontained semitrailer, meant to be pulled by a truck. As the name suggests, the pin type insulator is secured to the crossarm on the pole. The flat surfaces permit bolting directly to support insulators and provide convenient connection points. Types of insulatorsthere are several types of insulators but the most commonly usedare pin type, suspension type, strain insulator and shackle insulator. Shackle insulator in early days, the shackle insulators were used as strain insulators. Types of insulators in transmission lines electrical4u. Types of insulators complete knowledge database of. Typical applications are for 11 kv, 33 kv and 66 kv hv equipment.
Half sectional views different type of distribution systems and methods of connections. To increase ampacity, two angles or channels can be used. Mv line post insulators mv hybrid line post insulators mv suspension insulators mv pin type insulators mv iec type post insulators. For short circuit loads only, the maximum recommended working load is 100% of published ratings when using formulas from ansi c371972. The insulators are the materials which do not permit flow of electrons through it.
This chapter presents general information concerning the design of the substation physical arrangement. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings. Oct 11, 2012 in gas insulated substation various power substation equipments like circuit breakers, current transformers, voltage transformers, busbars, earth switches,surge arresters, isolators etc are in the form of metal enclosed sf6 gas modules. Insulators are used in substations for avoiding contact with humans or short circuit. They are designed to be compact for travel on public roads, and are used for temporary backup in times of natural disaster or war. Types of insulators in transmission lines properties of. Its main purpose is to isolate one portion of the circuit from the other and is not intended to b. How many type of insulator use in electrical transmission and.
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